The 1.4 hours lost was more than twice the amount of lost time of diabetic workers without neuropathic symptoms. For this reason, individuals with diabetes are much more likely to be unemployed.

Geisinger Center for Health Research investigators looked at 19,075 working adults, including 1,003 who were diagnosed with diabetes. Of these workers, 38% reported diabetes-related numbness or tingling in their feet or hands.

When the investigators compared health-related lost productive time, it was 18% higher in diabetics with symptoms and 5% higher in diabetics without symptoms.

Those with diabetes were about twice more likely than those without diabetes to be unemployed.

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''The fundamental techniques developed by Martin Evans and his fellow winners have allowed scientists to unravel how genes work in mammals. Together, they figured out how to remove one gene from a mouse at a time allowing us to study how the loss of a gene might disrupt diverse biological processes from development to the function of the brain. As mouse and human genomes are almost identical this approach is having an enormous impact on our understanding of human disease. The ability to study how individual genes might cause disease, leads to enormous opportunities for the development of new approaches to therapeutics and treatment.''

Gene targeting in mice has pervaded all fields of biomedicine. Its impact on the understanding of gene function and its benefits to mankind will continue to increase over many years to come. 

The medicine prize was the first of the six 2007 Nobel awards to be announced. The other awards are for chemistry, physics, literature, peace and economics.

Winners of the The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2007

Sir Martin J. Evans, born 1941 in Great Britain, British citizen, PhD in Anatomy and Embryology 1969, University College, London, UK. Former Director of the School of Biosciences and Professor of Mammalian Genetics, Cardiff University, UK. Mario R. Capecchi, born 1937 in Italy, US citizen, PhD in Biophysics 1967, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator and Distinguished Professor of Human Genetics and Biology at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Oliver Smithies, born 1925 in Great Britain, US citizen, PhD in Biochemistry 1951, Oxford University, UK. Excellence Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

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